A feminist motion sweeping South Korea, through which ladies are saying “No” to any type of intimate relationships with males, is taking maintain in america following former President Donald Trump’s resounding victory within the presidential election.
So what’s the 4B motion and why are American ladies turning to it now?
What’s the 4B motion?
The 4B motion initially emerged from the fringes of the South Korean feminist motion.
It developed in South Korean feminist circles and on social media within the mid-to-late 2010s throughout a wave of violence against women within the nation, and in protest over different manifestations of sexism and inequality in South Korean society.
4B is shorthand for 4 phrases that begin with “bi”, which implies “no” in Korean.
The motion requires:
- Bihon, which implies no heterosexual marriage.
- Bichulsan, no childbirth.
- Biyeonae, no courting.
- Bisekseu, no heterosexual sexual relationships.
Why did this motion emerge in South Korea?
Ladies are fed up with the size of male violence in South Korean society.
A report revealed in 2018 confirmed that within the earlier 9 years, a minimum of 824 ladies in South Korea had been killed and an extra 602 have been put susceptible to loss of life by violence by the hands of their intimate companions.
However there are additionally financial components.
Based on information from the Organisation for Financial Co-operation and Improvement (OECD), South Korean males earn 31.2 % extra, on common, than ladies.
South Korean society additionally tends to be pretty conservative with regards to households.
Ayo Wahlberg, a professor within the anthropology division on the College of Copenhagen, told Al Jazeera that the accountability for the majority of childcare and family chores, in addition to taking good care of the aged, typically falls on the shoulders of girls. However, with rising inflation, ladies even have little alternative however to work exterior of the house, that means their duties are doubled.
This has led to extra ladies forgoing the prospect of getting kids whereas additionally making much less cash than their male spouses – a state of affairs many say they discover disheartening.
In the meantime, the birthrate in South Korea continues to drop quickly. Lately, the nation has had one of many lowest birthrates on this planet. In February this yr, Statistics Korea revealed information displaying that the general birthrate had dropped by 8 % in 2023 to 0.72 kids per girl of their lifetime in contrast with 0.78 in 2022. The low birthrate has been declared a national emergency.
‘Your physique, my alternative’: Why is the motion gathering curiosity within the US now?
Quickly after it had change into obvious that Trump had gained the US presidential election this week, younger ladies within the US took to social media platforms similar to TikTok and X, encouraging different ladies to take inspiration from the 4B motion.
american ladies it is time to study from the koreans and undertake the 4b motion
as a matter of reality ladies from everywhere in the world ought to undertake the 4b motion
i am so severe pic.twitter.com/WxfqxouAn1
— coleni. (@jungsooyawning) November 6, 2024
Whereas CNN’s exit ballot steered that Trump gained 46 % of the ladies’s vote and Harris gained 54 %, it additionally confirmed that Harris had gained simply 43.5 % of the male vote in contrast with Trump’s 56.5 %.
Younger ladies on social media stated they have been dissatisfied that younger males had voted for a candidate who they are saying doesn’t respect their bodily autonomy.
To make issues worse, some Trump supporters, similar to far-right political activist Nick Fuentes, began posting misogynistic messages on X such because the assertion, “Your physique, my alternative.”
@_jessie_fitz You make us do, an excessive amount of labour! #fyp #foryoupageofficiall #kamalaharris2024🇺🇸💙 #werenotgoingback #labour #womensupportingwomen #womensempowerment #4bmovement #fthepatriarchy #patriarchy #mysogyny ♬ labour – Paris Paloma
The message is a co-optation of “my physique, my alternative” a slogan used traditionally by feminists rallying for autonomy and reproductive rights.
The masks are absolutely off now pic.twitter.com/ZlAkFr9FO5
— Sam G (@ItsSamG) November 6, 2024
How vital a task did ladies’s rights play within the US election?
The fitting to abortion was a significant speaking level within the lead-up to the election.
Whereas the Democratic candidate, Kamala Harris, was banking on abortion being an enormous difficulty, it turned out to be a lot much less of a decisive difficulty for voters than financial points similar to inflation, unemployment and the price of residing.
The election was the primary presidential vote because the landmark 1973 Roe v Wade court ruling was overturned by the Supreme Courtroom in 2022, ending ladies’s federal proper to an abortion within the US. The choice on legal guidelines relating to abortion was reverted to particular person states as an alternative.
Trump claimed credit score for the overturning of Roe v Wade, which was made doable by his appointments of three conservative judges to the highest court docket.
Democrats campaigned within the perception that this could convey ladies out to vote for Harris. That place did not pay off solely, nonetheless.
On Tuesday this week, because the election was in full swing, 10 states also voted on whether or not or to not enshrine the best to abortion of their constitutions. Of those, seven states handed the measures and three states didn’t.
What might occur to abortion as soon as Trump is in energy?
Trump has stated that he would veto a federal abortion invoice, preferring to go away the query of legal guidelines relating to the right to abortion right down to particular person states to determine.
Nevertheless, fears now loom amongst ladies’s rights teams that he can be pressured by Republicans, who now management the Senate and the Supreme Courtroom – and are near controlling the Home of Representatives as nicely – into making a federal abortion ban throughout the US a actuality.
There are additionally fears that Trump’s administration might have the ability to implement an interpretation of the 1873 Comstock Act, which makes it a federal crime to promote and obtain abortion-related remedy or different supplies. The legislation has not been enforced for many years.
Why are ladies so indignant about Trump’s perspective in the direction of them?
Many say Trump reveals a fantastic deal about his basic view of girls by way of the feedback he has made over time.
Sexual abuse allegations
In Might 2023, a US jury discovered Trump liable for sexually abusing journalist and author E Jean Carroll within the Nineties. Carroll had detailed the abuse in a memoir in 2019, after which Trump branded her a liar and known as her story a “con job”. The court docket additionally discovered that he had defamed her and ordered him to pay damages of greater than $83m.
In 2018, veteran journalist Bob Woodward wrote in his guide, Worry: Trump within the White Home, a few dialog between Trump and an unnamed good friend of his, acknowledging dangerous behaviour in the direction of ladies.
Trump was quoted saying: “You’ve acquired to disclaim, deny, deny and push again on these ladies. If you happen to admit to something and any culpability, then you definately’re lifeless … You’ve acquired to be robust. You’ve acquired to be aggressive. You’ve acquired to push again arduous. You’ve acquired to disclaim something that’s stated about you. By no means admit.”
Disparaging feedback about Kamala Harris
Trump has made many controversial remarks about ladies, together with his Democrat challenger and Vice President Kamala Harris.
After Harris inherited the Democrat presidential candidate ticket from Joe Biden earlier this yr, Trump instructed Fox Information, “[Harris] someway – a girl – someway she’s doing higher than [President Joe Biden] did.”
He repeatedly attacked Harris’s intelligence, calling her “silly” and “dumb” on numerous events.
Different controversial remarks
In June 2004, he stated about his daughter, Ivanka Trump, “She does have a really good determine … if [she] weren’t my daughter, maybe I’d be courting her.” Ivanka was 23 or 24 on the time.
Earlier, quickly after Princess Diana’s loss of life in 1997, Trump instructed tv character Howard Stern in a radio interview that Diana was “lovely” however “loopy”.
Stern requested Trump if he might have had a sexual relationship with Diana.
“I feel I might have,” Trump replied, the Huffington Submit reported.
And in response to tapes that The Washington Submit stated it obtained from 2005, Trump admitted to sexual assault in a dialog with TV host Billy Bush, about ladies normally: “I’m robotically drawn to lovely – I simply begin kissing them. It’s like a magnet. Simply kiss. I don’t even wait. And once you’re a star, they allow you to do it. You are able to do something.”
‘Childless cat woman’ feedback
His Republican aides, together with operating mate JD Vance, have additionally made remarks deemed sexist. In July, feedback Vance made about leaders within the Democratic Occasion in 2021 resurfaced. He stated that the leaders of the occasion didn’t have kids and have been “a bunch of childless cat women who’re depressing at their very own lives and the alternatives that they’ve made and they also need to make the remainder of the nation depressing, too”.
