When Marco Rubio first launched his presidential marketing campaign in 2015, the then-senator championed a tricky stance on Russia and decried earlier efforts by United States officers to reset and bolster ties with Moscow.
Ten years later, Rubio – now America’s prime diplomat – sat throughout from his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Saudi Arabia this week in a bid to revive relations between Washington and Moscow.
A overseas coverage hawk who as soon as referred to as Russian President Vladimir Putin a “thug”, Rubio is now overseeing seismic shifts within the US strategy to the world underneath President Donald Trump.
Rubio is seen as a standard politician, with conventional conservative views. He’s now serving in an administration whose public face is a tech billionaire with no earlier political expertise who’s seeking to radically hole out federal companies.
The brand new secretary of state, in the meantime, finds himself pushing Trump’s unconventional worldwide agenda: opening as much as Russia, taking up the Panama Canal, buying Greenland, and “owning” Gaza.
As the previous senator spearheads Trump’s overseas coverage, who’s the highest US diplomat and what drives him?
World stage, ambition
Analysts say Rubio is motivated by a conviction that the US ought to play the main function on the world stage in addition to private ambitions that noticed him search the presidency within the 2016 elections and rise by means of the ranks of the Republican Get together.
“He has a really conventional, hawkish view of America’s function on the earth, however we’ve additionally seen methods through which he’s merely distributed with long-held views since changing into secretary of state,” stated Michael Hanna, US programme director on the Worldwide Disaster Group assume tank.
Approving the gutting of worldwide support programmes and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) is one obvious instance of Rubio’s personal shifts.
Rubio has lengthy been an advocate of support programmes, selling them as a side of American delicate energy on the earth.
However Rubio, like different Republicans named to key positions within the Trump administration, has fallen in lockstep with the president, embracing his “America First” coverage.
Hanna urged that Rubio, 53, could in the end have his eyes on the White Home after Trump leaves workplace.
“I believe it’s ambition. Being a high-profile senator is one factor, and being the secretary of state is one other by way of your profile, significantly on a world stage,” he informed Al Jazeera.
‘The trauma of exile’
The son of Cuban immigrants, Rubio comes from humble beginnings. His father was a bartender, his mom a cashier and resort cleaner.
Though his mother and father moved to the US earlier than Fidel Castro’s revolution within the Nineteen Fifties, he grew up in Miami’s Cuban neighborhood alongside exiles who fled the communist authorities.
The staunchly anti-Castro constituency has been veering to the suitable of the US political spectrum over the many years, serving to flip Florida right into a Republican stronghold.
In his 2012 memoir, An American Son, Rubio means that he acquired his early political orientation and sense of patriotism from the Cuban immigrants he grew up round.
“I knew how the trauma of exile – disbelief, guilt, a way of loss – had formed their lives and my very own,” he wrote.
“I knew that their love, born of gratitude for the nation that had welcomed them and inspired their aspirations, and the loss that had introduced them right here, had made them vigilant of their look ahead to something that they thought might threaten America … That is the tradition that formed my youth.”
Writer Manuel Roig-Franzia writes in his 2012 guide, The Rise of Marco Rubio, that his household’s roots and rising up in Miami’s Cuban neighborhood formed “his political id”.
All through his profession, Rubio has advocated adversarial insurance policies, together with sturdy sanctions, in direction of left-wing Latin American leaders who he views as autocrats or hostile to the US.
In the course of the administration of US President Barack Obama, Rubio was a vocal opponent of the detente with Cuba.
Rubio has additionally been a supporter of extra hardline insurance policies towards the federal government of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro.
In 2019, he appeared to situation a blunt “regime change” risk to Maduro.
Amid a spike of tensions between the US and Venezuela, Rubio posted a collection of pictures of slain and imprisoned dictators to social media after addressing the Maduro authorities.
One publish featured a bloody picture of late Libyan chief Muammar Gaddafi, who was executed by rebels in 2011.
Rubio, a first-year senator in 2011, had referred to as for an much more forceful US intervention towards Gaddafi through the Libyan rebellion as US and NATO fighter jets bombarded authorities positions there.
Pax Americana
Stephen Zunes, a world research professor on the College of San Francisco, stated Rubio’s hawkish worldview of “may makes proper” has turn out to be outstanding amongst Republicans who got here of age within the Nineteen Eighties through the Ronald Reagan years with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
“I believe he needs to see a Pax Americana,” Zunes says, referring to the idea of world peace ushered in by American dominance.
Rubio urged as a lot himself in 2015, writing about his imaginative and prescient for US overseas coverage in Foreign Affairs. “The primary and most vital pillar of my overseas coverage can be a renewal of American energy. That is an thought based mostly on a easy reality: the world is at its most secure when America is at its strongest,” he wrote.
A presidential candidate on the time, Rubio outlined three pillars for his overseas coverage: Navy energy, defending free commerce and “ethical readability” in “defending freedom”.
Such language harkens again to the presidency of George W Bush within the 2000s when Rubio was in his early political profession.
The Florida politician has all the time expressed fondness for Bush. He wrote in his memoir that the primary congratulatory telephone name he obtained after being elected to the US Senate in 2010 was from the previous president.
In 2015, Rubio defended the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq at a time when there was close to consensus in Washington that it was a mistake.
“The world is a greater place as a result of Saddam Hussein is just not there,” he informed Fox Information.
The opposite Bush
Rubio was simply 27 when he was first elected to public workplace as a West Miami commissioner in 1998.
In lower than 13 years, he lept from municipal politics to the US Senate. In between, he served for eight years within the Florida Home of Representatives, main the chamber between 2006 and 2008.
All through his meteoric rise, Rubio had a strong ally – Florida’s then-Governor Jeb Bush.
Jeb – the brother of former President George W Bush and son of former President George HW Bush – noticed Rubio as a gifted younger politician.
When Rubio turned State Home speaker, Jeb gifted him a golden sword that he held up in entrance of his fellow lawmakers with a broad smile. Jeb proverbially anointed Rubio as a “conservative warrior”.
Accounts range on whether or not the 2 have been shut pals or mere allies, however publicly, they’ve expressed admiration for each other through the years. And Bush noticed one thing in Rubio early on; he contributed to his first native election marketing campaign.
However it wasn’t simply Bush. Florida politicians who interacted with Rubio when he was beginning to forge his approach in politics say it was obvious that he was going locations.
Congressman Carlos Jimenez informed NPR final month that the primary time he heard Rubio communicate early in his profession, he knew that he “has it” – referring to one thing particular.
“Marco Rubio not solely exemplifies the American dream. I’d inform you that he exemplifies the Republican Get together,” Congressman Mario Diaz-Balart added.
2016 presidential run
From the second he burst onto the nationwide stage, Rubio – a younger, eloquent, combative politician with a compelling private story from a rising demographic base – appeared to tick all of the bins for a rising star within the Republican Get together.
Rubio made it to the Senate with such fanfare that lower than two years after his election, the marketing campaign of Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney thought-about him for the vice presidential spot in 2012.
When 2016 got here round, Rubio threw his personal hat right into a crowded ring of Republican candidates looking for the presidency.
His interactions with two rivals – his ally, Bush, and his future boss, Trump – stood out.
Rubio put previous political ties apart when he tried to occupy the institution lane within the main that was seen as reserved for Bush.
The 2 exchanged assaults on the controversy stage and marketing campaign path, however Rubio’s blows got here off as extra environment friendly, displaying his willingness to dispense with previous allies to get forward.
“I thank God daily that George W Bush was president, however Jeb has no overseas coverage expertise,” Rubio stated in February 2016.
Bush’s marketing campaign was already struggling on a number of fronts, and Rubio could have helped end it off.
The Floridian additionally got here after Trump at a time when different candidates have been avoiding confrontations with the sharp-tongued businessman.
Rubio referred to as out the now-president for lack of overseas coverage expertise as effectively. He described him as a “con artist” and mocked his “small fingers”.
The actual property mogul already had Rubio, at one level his closest rival within the primaries, in his crosshairs.
He branded him “Little Marco Rubio” and ridiculed him at each flip, charging that the then-senator wore an excessive amount of make-up, drank water excessively and sweated quite a bit – amongst different insults.
Regardless of the private nature of the rivalry, Rubio endorsed Trump when he turned the nominee and backed him once more early within the 2024 marketing campaign season regardless of his legal troubles.
By endorsing Trump, Rubio appeared to acknowledge the president’s Republican takeover and selected to work inside the social gathering system.
The distinction between his strategy to Bush and Trump exhibits Rubio’s pragmatic facet, being keen to assault previous allies and work with earlier foes.
Requested this week after the talks with Russian diplomats whether or not he thinks Moscow needs peace, Rubio urged that the world is extra complicated than the premise of the query.
“I don’t view diplomacy that approach. I believe diplomacy in the end relies on actions. It’s based mostly on commitments which might be saved,” he stated.
Professional-Israel advocacy
Whereas Rubio urged that the trail ahead for US coverage on Russia and its invasion of Ukraine is complicated, days earlier, he painted a black-and-white picture of the Center East battle.
Whereas assembly with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Rubio heaped reward on Israel, calling it a “free enterprise democracy”.
“If there have been extra Israels within the Center East, extra international locations like that, the world can be a safer and a greater place,” he stated.
Conversely, the highest US diplomat referred to as Iran the “single best supply of instability within the area”.
He additionally praised Trump’s proposal to ethnically cleanse Gaza as “daring”.
Zunes, the professor, stated Rubio has “excessive” views on Israel-Palestine and different areas of the world, however he was nonetheless seen as an affordable choose within the Trump administration. The Senate confirmed Rubio in a 99-0 vote in January.
“If some other particular person was president, [Rubio] can be thought-about fairly excessive. It’s simply that compared to a few of these other appointees, he’s seen as pretty cheap,” Zunes stated.
Rubio has a protracted historical past of pro-Israel advocacy. He has launched measures to penalise corporations that boycott Israel over its mistreatment of Palestinians and rebuked Latin American leaders crucial of the US ally as “pro-Hamas”.
Revering and centring Israel has turn out to be a virtually unquestionable tenet within the fashionable Republican Get together.
Conservatives have lengthy seen Israel as an extension of US energy within the Center East, particularly through the Chilly Struggle when the Soviet Union sided with Arab governments within the battle.
The rise of evangelicals – who again Israel for theological causes – as a significant Republican constituency cemented right-wing help for Israel over the previous many years.
Altering views
Whereas Rubio could share Trump’s views on Israel-Palestine, his historical past of advocacy for internationalism, overseas support and a number one US international function could not bode effectively with what Trump appears to wish to obtain – a nationalistic withdrawal from the world stage and unilateral pursuit of perceived US pursuits.
Nonetheless, the secretary of state seems to have been revising his views.
Rubio was as soon as a stalwart advocate of aid to Ukraine, however final 12 months – as scepticism across the US function within the battle grew in right-wing circles – he proclaimed that “america is funding a stalemate in Ukraine”.
Lately, he even spoke of an inevitable “multipolar world” – which seems to contradict his earlier statements concerning the want for the US to be the supreme international energy.
It stays unclear whether or not Rubio is within the midst of an ideological transformation or simply doing what the job requires.
As secretary of state, Rubio should channel Trump. He doesn’t set overseas coverage; he conducts it on behalf of the president.
Zunes stated Rubio knew coming into the job that he needed to advocate for positions he doesn’t consider in.
“I believe he felt that he might have at the very least some affect in that place, that he might persuade the president on a couple of issues, might steer the coverage in a path that he thought can be higher,” he stated.
