The mom lived for 42 years in a three-story home overlooking a former gasoline chamber and a gallows at Auschwitz, typically dropping sleep on the considered what had occurred on the opposite aspect of her backyard wall.
However the home in Oswiecim, southern Poland, as soon as the house of the loss of life camp’s wartime commandant, Rudolf Höss, was “a terrific place to boost kids,” mentioned Garzyna Jurczak, 62, a widow who raised two sons there.
The house, the topic of the Oscar-winning film “The Zone of Curiosity,” had “security, silence, a fantastic backyard,” quick access to a river throughout the street and, in winter, house for an ice-skating rink for her two boys, she mentioned.
Alone in the home after her husband died, she lastly determined to go away. One purpose, she mentioned, was that she was disturbed by individuals who, after watching “The Zone of Curiosity,” have been tramping by way of her backyard, peering by way of her home windows and reminding her of her residence’s connection to the Holocaust.
Final summer time, Ms. Jurczak agreed to promote the house to the Counter Extremism Project, a New York-based group that wishes to open the home to guests. She moved out in August, and in October the New York group accomplished its acquisition of the house and an adjoining home constructed after the warfare.
“I needed to get out of there,” Ms. Jurczak mentioned at her new residence in a contemporary condo block in Oswiecim, a mile from her former home. She declined to say how a lot the home was offered for, however indicated that it was considerably greater than the property’s estimated worth of round $120,000.
Mark Wallace, a lawyer and former U.S. diplomat who’s the chief govt of the Counter Extremism Mission, additionally declined to offer the worth, saying solely that his group “wished to do proper” by Ms. Jurczak’s household however “didn’t need to pay a giant premium for a former Nazi property, even when we may.”
Now the home, at 88 Legionow Avenue, simply outdoors the camp’s perimeter fence, is being ready to obtain visits by the general public for the primary time, as a part of commemorations for the eightieth anniversary of the Soviet Military’s liberation of Auschwitz.
The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, a Polish establishment in Oswiecim dedicated to the remembrance of Nazi victims, can be internet hosting dozens of world leaders on Jan. 27.
On the home, employees employed by the brand new house owners have eliminated 14 dumpsters of particles and stripped away wallpaper and different postwar additions. That has left the property a lot because it was when the Höss household lived there from 1941 to late 1944, together with the Nazi-era lock on the toilet door studying “frei/besetzt.,” German free of charge/occupied.
A mezuzah, a parchment containing biblical verses, has been connected to the entrance door body to honor Jewish custom — and repudiate the fanaticism of its former occupant, the Auschwitz commander. After the warfare, Commandant Höss recalled how the profitable experimental gassing of Russian prisoners in 1941 “set my thoughts at relaxation, for the mass extermination of the Jews was to start out quickly.”
He was hanged in 1947 at a gallows positioned between his former residence and a Nazi crematory.
On a desk in a downstairs nook room that Commandant Höss used as a house workplace lies a heap of torn and crumpled Nazi-era newspapers and different wartime artifacts discovered after the home was offered. There may be additionally a espresso mug, embossed with the seal of the SS, and German beer bottles.
Retrieved from the attic, the place that they had been stuffed to dam a gap, have been the striped trousers as soon as worn by an Auschwitz prisoner. Researchers are attempting to work out who wore them by deciphering a pale prisoner quantity, written subsequent to a small pink triangle signifying that the wearer was a political prisoner and an almost vanished yellow star designating a Jew.
“This home has been closed for 80 years. It was out of attain to the victims and their households. Lastly, we are able to open it to honor survivors and present that this place of unimaginable evil is now open to all,” Mr. Wallace mentioned.
The plan, Mr. Wallace mentioned, is to show the home, together with the adjoining property, into the Auschwitz Analysis Heart on Hate, Extremism and Radicalization, a brand new group that may work to develop the pledge of “By no means Once more” from historic reminiscence to present motion.
Piotr Cywinski, a Polish historian and director of the Auschwitz-Birkanau Museum since 2006, mentioned his state-run establishment wished to protect its core mission of remembrance however noticed worth in supporting a challenge centered on the current and future, in addition to the previous.
“Combating in opposition to right now’s actuality is less complicated for an NGO than for a state establishment,” he mentioned, lamenting the rise throughout Europe of populism, which he calls “the most cancers of democracy.”
The brand new heart will embody your complete territory of Commandant Höss’s wartime property, together with an extended sealed-off backyard space the place he met with Hitler’s safety chief, Heinrich Himmler, Josef Mengele, the “angel of loss of life” physician, and different Nazi dignitaries tasked with exterminating Jews. Daniel Libeskind, an American architect, has been commissioned to revamp the property.
Mr. Libeskind mentioned he had drawn up preliminary plans that envisage turning the inside of the home into “a void, an abyss” — the exterior partitions are protected by a UNESCO preservation order — and the development of a brand new partly buried construction in a backyard space with assembly rooms, a library and an information heart.
Greater than two million folks go to the previous Auschwitz camp annually and, the architect mentioned, come away “horrified and mesmerized by loss of life” but additionally want “to interact with up to date antisemitism and different extremism in our political tradition.”
Jaczek Pulski, the director of a Polish anti-extremism group, who’s concerned within the challenge, mentioned he needs to make use of the home and the previous Nazi horrors as a weapon in opposition to what he sees as a resurgence of extremist ideologies.
“A home is a home,” Mr. Pulski mentioned, looking of a second-story window of the previous Höss home towards the chimney of a former Nazi crematory. “However it’s in uninteresting, common homes like this the place extremism is going on right now.”
Ms. Jurczak, the previous proprietor, mentioned she nonetheless struggles to reconcile joyful, odd recollections of the home with its ugly previous.
Reminiscing about her household’s time there she all of the sudden stopped herself: “I fear that I sound like Ms. Höss,” she mentioned, referring to the commandant’s spouse, Hedwig Höss. Within the film, Ms. Höss gushes about her Polish residence as “paradise” and is proven attempting on a fur coat stolen from a prisoner despatched to slaughter by her husband.
The commandant’s spouse, Ms. Jurczak determined after watching the film, “was even perhaps worse than her husband,” in her indifference to human struggling.
Whereas awaiting execution in a Polish jail after the warfare, Mr. Höss, the previous commandant, wrote an autobiography that Primo Levi, the Italian author and Auschwitz survivor, described because the work of a “drab functionary” who “developed step-by-step into one of many biggest criminals in historical past.”
The home the place Mr. Höss lived was constructed between the 2 nice wars of the final century by a Polish army officer serving in an adjoining military camp, which was seized by the Nazis after their 1939 invasion of Poland and become an extermination manufacturing facility. At the least 1.1 million males, ladies and youngsters have been murdered there, largely in gasoline chambers.
Grabbed by the SS as a house for the Auschwitz commandant, who modified the road quantity to 88, a numerical code for Heil Hitler, the home was returned to its unique proprietor after the warfare and later offered to the household of Mr. Jurczak’s husband, who owned it till final yr.
Mr. Cywinski, the Auschwitz-Birkanau museum director, mentioned he was desirous to work with the Counter Extremism Mission, in its efforts to fight extremism.
Extremism, he mentioned, “is sadly not a psychological sickness; it’s a methodology” that exploits widespread emotions of frustration.
Bizarre folks with odd ambitions, he added, can flip into monsters.
Mr. Höss, he mentioned, “was an exquisite father to his youngsters and, on the identical time, the primary organizer of essentially the most brutal killings within the historical past of the world.”
Anatol Magdziarz contributed reporting from Warsaw.