Demand for pangolins in Asia, the place populations of those scaly mammals have dwindled, has pushed traffickers to Africa, the one different continent the place the more and more endangered animals could be discovered.
Nigeria has grow to be a hub for pangolin trafficking and different unlawful buying and selling of wildlife. However authorities have been cracking down, just lately arresting a Chinese national suspected of being a high-level pangolin trafficker and targeting a supply network in a market in Lagos this month. The latter investigation led to 5 extra arrests and the seizure of 8,300 kilos of pangolin scales — prized in Asia for his or her perceived medicinal worth — from an estimated 1,900 slain animals.
Michael Awe, the regional customs chief, stated the investigation sends “a robust sign” that the Nigeria Customs Service “won’t relent in its efforts in combating wildlife crime to a standstill.”
The arrests are a part of a enforcement push that exhibits Nigeria’s growing give attention to combating animal trafficking is paying off, specialists say.
Nigeria’s Customs Service made the arrests with intelligence from the Wildlife Justice Fee, a Netherlands-based group that provides world regulation enforcement with proof on felony wildlife trafficking rings. The Chinese language nationwide detained in Lagos in February was related to just about 16,000 kilos of pangolin scales seized in August after a six-month investigation.
“The operation exhibits the worth of long-term intelligence gathering and worldwide cooperation — and it displays a calculated effort to transcend low-level busts,” stated Dr. Meganne Natali, a lawyer and authorized marketing consultant specializing in wildlife crime.
To disrupt world pangolin trafficking, investigators should give attention to catching high operatives and never simply lone poachers, who are sometimes poor and low on the trafficking totem pole, she stated.
Wildlife trafficking is a $20 billion international industry, in accordance with Interpol. The commerce in protected pangolins is extensively pushed by want for the scales in herbal medicine in China. However that is only a tiny fraction of demand for unique animals, reside and lifeless, world wide.
Nigerian officers just lately rescued 12 live African gray parrots, a protected and extremely sought species, by following two suspicious unaccompanied packing containers on an in a single day bus journey earlier in April.
A traveler from Cameroon was caught in late March in Nigeria with 213 parrot heads, 29 packs of parrot feathers, 128 African hornbill heads, 5 eagle heads and a pack of eagle feathers, and two chimpanzee heads and eight limbs, in accordance with a regional customs chief, Chukwudi Ogbonna.
“This unlawful wildlife commerce not solely undermines our biodiversity but additionally fuels transnational crime, threatening financial stability and public security,” he stated in a statement.
Nigeria signed the Conference on Worldwide Commerce in Endangered Species in 1974, and enforcement broadly falls on the nation’s customs authority. However the authority’s efforts had been lengthy seen as “toothless” and it was “not ready or correctly geared up,” Abim Isafiade, a former longtime officer there, wrote within the World Customs Organization magazine final yr.
That modified with the creation of the Particular Wildlife Workplace within the customs service in 2021, she stated, which turned “the brand new sheriff on the town,” specializing in unlawful trafficking.
Since 2021, Nigerian officers have additionally joined forces with the Wildlife Justice Commission, conducting 18 operations with its assist, resulting in the seizure of greater than 55,000 kilos of pangolin scales and a couple of,200 kilos of ivory, in addition to 12 convictions, together with that of a Vietnamese trafficking kingpin, in accordance with Olivia Swaak-Goldman, government director of W.J.C.
Nigeria’s efforts to shake its repute as a wildlife trafficking hub have had laudable outcomes, stated Crawford Allan, a wildlife crime and coverage professional on the World Wildlife Fund.
Different nations are equally toughening enforcement, he stated. In Vietnam, which has lengthy confronted criticism for failing to curb unlawful commerce in endangered animals and merchandise, authorities are being educated in methods to ferret out traffickers and cooperating with counterparts overseas, stated Mr. Allan, who has been concerned within the coaching efforts.
This week, authorities in Hong Kong stated that the smuggling of weak and endangered species, akin to elephants, pangolins and rhinoceroses, had “dropped considerably” after prosecutions and penalties for wildlife trafficking rose in 2021.
A lot of the worldwide dialogue of wildlife trafficking facilities on Asia and Africa. However felony rings are supplying shoppers who need endangered and guarded animals and merchandise in each a part of the world, and there are transit hubs in all places.
Europe is a vital of “vacation spot, transit and origin for a lot of” protected species, in accordance with the The European Fee.
Wildlife trafficking has grow to be a profitable enterprise for felony rings as demand has surged, typically rivaling the drug commerce, Dr. Natali stated. She famous {that a} kilo of rhinoceros horns, or 2.2 kilos, can promote for as much as $75,000, which “exceeds the worth of cocaine proper now.”
Whereas there may be some proof of a discount in trafficking of some wildlife merchandise, such efforts can’t be carried out in a vacuum, specialists say.
The United Nations final yr famous that “massive and highly effective organized crime teams working in a number of the most fragile and numerous ecosystems from the Amazon to the Golden Triangle” in Southeast Asia are concerned, so attacking the issue “requires a broader technique to handle organized crime.”
